February 26-28, 2004

Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences

College of Engineering

U. C. Berkeley

Workshop on Physics, Engineering and Applications of Nanostructured Materials

Co-Chairs: Connie Chang-Hasnain and Jeff Bokor
Thursday, February 26, 2004
3:00pm - 5:00pm 225B Bechtel

Agenda

Nanoscale Science and Engineering is a rapidly expanding research field that will have decisive impact into many fundamental aspects of future technologies. It has been defined as one of the key areas of faculty growth at UC Berkeley. This development has been augmented by a new faculty initiative to form an interdisciplinary Graduate Group that developed a special curriculum for graduate students in this field. Students can now select this field as a ‘Designated Emphasis’ in their research and course of study. Out of this group of faculty a successful proposal was submitted to NSF for a $3.5M grant to establish a five-year graduate student training grant. This five-year grant will allow to attract about 50 additional graduate students to Berkeley, who will be selected from the very best applicants in the nation. Details of these two initiatives and their impact on the Berkeley campus will be discussed.

Eicke Weber is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, and faculty investigator in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He chairs the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Graduate Group and is the director of the Integrated Materials Laboratory on campus. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Cologne, Germany in 1976 and joined the Berkeley faculty in 1983.

Professor Webers research is focused on the study of semiconductor materials problems, including silicon for photovoltaic and integrated circuit applications and III/V thin films and nanostructures, especially III-nitride films for applications in optoelectronics and high-speed devices. His research group uses MBE for thin film growth, a wide range of structural, optical and electrical characterization techniques, and processing of test devices in Berkeley’s microfabrication laboratory. He has published more then 500 publications, edited 8 books, presented more then 50 invited talks at international conferences, and chaired several topical conferences in this field. He is co-editor of the Wiley book series ‘Semiconductors and Semimetals.’ In 1994 he received an Alexander von Humboldt Senior Scientist award. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society.

The past decade or so has seen rapid development of techniques and fundamental understanding of the synthesis, fabrication, and characterization of materials at the nano-scale. Progress in this area has been roughly equivalent in the disciplines of organic and inorganic chemistry, molecular and cell biology, and solid-state physics and device engineering. Great excitement in the field of nanoscience and engineering is now generated by the convergence of these disciplines, with the prospect of integrated nanosystems built upon various combinations of associated technologies. This talk will touch upon a few recent examples, and highlight the role of The Molecular Foundry project at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in advancing this field.

Jeffrey Bokor is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at University of California, Berkeley and Deputy Directory of The Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1980, then was at AT&T Bell Laboratories for 12 years before joining the Berkeley faculty in 1992.

Prof. Bokor's research in nanotechnology ranges from nanolithography and nanofabrication, to physics and technology of nanoelectronic devices, to optical nanometrologies. His current research projects include development of sub-10 nm MOSFET devices, integration of carbon nanotubes and other molecular electronic devices with CMOS circuits, solid-state quantum computing devices, novel methods for fabricating large arrays of nanowires and nanodots, extension of EUV lithography to sub-50 nm feature size, and novel microscopies for measurement of GHz mechanical motion in RF MEMS devices.

The ever-improving degrees of control achieved in the past decades over the growth of semiconductors make them attractive for applications involving photons. Since photons interact strongly with electrons in materials, one approach to control the optical properties of materials is to manipulate electronic properties via quantum confinement effects. In this talk, I will discuss our plans towards developing reproducible quantum dots, nanowires and nanotubes. In particular, I will discuss some novel devices with revolutionary capabilities enabled by nanostructures, including all-optical buffers, ultra-low Vpi optical modulators and very high efficiency, high speed lasers. I will also discuss the impact of such devices to new optical systems with unprecedented performance.

Connie J. Chang-Hasnain is a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research interests are in semiconductor optoelectronic devices and materials, and their applications. She was a Member of Technical Staff at Bellcore from 1987 to 1992. From April 1992 to December 1995, she was Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. Since January 1996, she is Professor of Electrical Engineering at UC Berkeley. Connie founded Bandwidth9 Inc. and served as Chairman, CEO and President of the Company, while on leave from UC Berkeley from July 1998 to July 2000.

Prof. Chang-Hasnain co-authored more than 200 papers in technical journals and conferences. She was named the Presidential Faculty Fellow, Packard Fellow and Sloan Fellow. She was awarded with the 1994 Distinguished Lecturer Award of IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2000 Curtis W. McGraw Research Award from the American Society of Engineering Education, and 2003 IEEE William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award. Prof. Chang-Hasnain is a Fellow of the IEEE, OSA and IEEE.

The size of semiconductor devices has already approached nm length scale. Many of the concepts concerning crystals taught in universities are valid only for infinite crystals. Size reduction also implied that many atoms will lie on the surface of the crystal and their properties may be different from those lying in the interior. New approaches have to be developed to understand the electronic and vibrational properties of nm size crystals in order that device properties can be predicted. The important effects of size reduction on both the electrons and the vibrational modes are shifts and quantization of their energies. The resultant modifications of the available states at a given energy have profound influence on the thermal, electrical and optical properties of the nm size crystals. They also suggest new opportunities to make better devices, such as lasers, transistors, memory cells and thermoelectric coolers.

Professor Peter Y. Yu received his PhD degree from Brown University. He was a IBM postdoctoral fellow and lecturer at the Physics Department of UC Berkeley before becoming a research staff member at the IBM Research Center at Yorktown Heights, New York between 1973-79. He has been a professor in the Department of Physics of UC Berkeley and a faculty-staff member of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory since 1979. He was Honorary Visiting Professors at the Universite de Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (1995) and at Peking University, Beijing, China (2002-2004). He has been a Fellow of the American Physical Society since 1985 and a John S. Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow bewteen 1994-95.

His research interest has been in semiconductor physics, laser spectroscopy, high pressure physics. Recently he has been studying the electronic, optical and vibrational properties of nanostructured semiconductor materials. In addition to publishing over 200 technical papers, he is the co-author (with Manual Cardona) of the graduate level textbook: Fundamentals of Semiconductors: Physics and Material Properties (Springer-Verlag, Berlin,1996, 1999,2001) which has been translated into Japanese, Chinese and Russian.

One-dimensional nanostructures are of both fundamental and technological interest. They not only exhibit interesting electronic and optical properties intrinsically associated with their low dimensionality and the quantum confinement effect, but also represent the critical components in the potential nanoscale device applications. In this talk, the vapor-liquid-solid crystal growth mechanism will be briefly introduced for the general synthesis of nanowires of different compositions, sizes, and orientation. Unique properties including light emission, and thermoelectrics will be discussed. In addition to the recent extensive studies on single-component nanowires, of increasing importance is the capability of incorporating different interfaces, heterojunctions as well as controlling doping profiles within individual single crystalline nanowires. Epitaxial growth plays a significant role in making such nanowire heterostructures and their arrays. I will present our recent research efforts towards superlattice nanowires and other nanostructures with horizontal junctions. The implication of these hetero-junctioned nanowires in light emission and energy conversion (thermoelectrics and photovoltaics) will be discussed. Lastly, ways to assemble these one-dimensional nanostructures will be presented.

Peidong Yang received his B.S. in chemistry from University of Science and Technology of China in 1993 and a Ph.D. in chemistry (1997) from Harvard University in the laboratory of Professor Charles Lieber. He then did postdoctoral research in the area of mesoporous materials with professor Galen Stucky at University of California, Santa Barbara. He began his faculty appointment in the department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley in 1999. He is currently holding the Chevron Texaco Assistant Professorship in department of chemistry. He is the Chair of the subdivision of nanoscience, American Chemical Society. Current research interests include nanowire synthesis, higher-order nanostructure assembly, their optoelectronic properties and energy-conversion applications for which he has received young investigator awards from the National Science Foundation, The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. He is also the recipient of MIT Tech. Review TR 100 and Exxon Mobil Solid State Chemistry fellowship, 3M untenured faculty award, Hellman Award, Research Innovation Award.